![]() ![]() Linguists have classified their Salishan language as independent of both Interior and Coast Salish language groups. The Nuxalk (pronounced ), also known as the Bella Coola, are an Indigenous people of the Central Coast, as well as the furthest north of the Coast Salish cultures. Anthropology labelled them the Bella Bella, which is how they are more widely known. They generally prefer the autonym Heiltsuk. The Heiltsuk are the descendants of a number of tribal groups who came together in Bella Bella in the 19th century. The Heiltsuk ( / ˈ h aɪ l t s ʊ k/ HYLE-tsuuk) are an indigenous Nation of the Central Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia, centred on the island communities of Bella Bella and Klemtu. The name Haisla is derived from the Haisla word x̣àʼisla or x̣àʼisəla, "(those) living at the rivermouth, living downriver". The Haisla (also Xa’islak’ala, X̄a’islakʼala, X̌àʼislakʼala, X̣aʼislak’ala) are an indigenous nation living at Kitamaat in the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. Together they waged a battle in the courts against British Columbia known as Delgamuukw v British Columbia, which had to do with land rights. They share an historic alliance with the neighbouring Wetʼsuwetʼen, a subgroup of the Dakelh (or Carrier people). ![]() Although inland, their culture is part of the Northwest Coast culture area, and they share many common characteristics, including the clan system, an advanced art style, and war canoes. This is the English term for Tsimshian spoken on the coast. They speak a closely related language to Nisga'a, though both are related to Coast Tsimshian. The Gitxsan or Gitksan, meaning "people of the Skeena River", were known with the Nisga'a as Interior Tsimshian. Marriages were only arranged between people from clans in different halves: for example, between a Killer Whale and a Raven or Eagle. It was considered to be incest even if there was no blood relationship. Prior to European contact, marriage in Tsimshian society could not take place within a half-group, for example between a Wolf and a Killer Whale. Gispwudwada (Killer Whale Clan) and Laxgibuu (Wolf Clan) form the other half. The Laxsgiik (Eagle Clan) and Ganhada (Raven Clan) form one half. Four main Tsimshian clans form the basic phratry. Succession in Tsimshian society is matrilineal, and one's place in society was determined by one's clan or phratry (defined as four equal parts). There are about 10,000 Tsimshian, of which about 1,300 live in Alaska. The Tsimshian ( / ˈ s ɪ m ʃ i ə n/ SIM-shee-ən), translated as "People Inside the Skeena River," are indigenous people who live around Terrace and Prince Rupert on the North Coast of British Columbia, and the southernmost corner of Alaska on Annette Island. The Haida were also famous for their long-distance raiding and slaving, going often to California for trading. Haida communities located in Prince of Wales Island, Alaska and Haida Gwaii, British Columbia (previously referred to as the Queen Charlotte Islands) also share a common border with other Indigenous peoples, such as the Tlingit and the Tsimshian. The vast forests of cedar and spruce where the Haida make their home are on pre-glacial land, which is believed to be almost 14,000 years old. They have also shown much perseverance and resolve in the area of forest conservation. ![]() The Haida people ( / ˈ h aɪ d ə/ HY-də) are well known as skilled artisans of wood, metal and design. They developed a complex hunter-gatherer culture in the temperate rainforest of the Alaska Panhandle and adjoining inland areas of present-day British Columbia. The Russian name for them, Koloshi, was derived from an Aleut term for the labret and the related German name, Koulischen, may be encountered in older historical literature. Their autonym is Lingít, meaning "Human being". The Tlingit ( / ˈ k l ɪ ŋ k ɪ t/ KLINK-it, / ˈ t l ɪ ŋ ɡ ɪ t/ the latter is considered inaccurate) are one of the furthest north indigenous nations in the Pacific Northwest Coast. ![]()
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